Farming in the urban shadow in Waterloo, Ontario


Urban farm pressure. A combine harvests wheat off Fischer-Hallman Road in Kitchener. As Kitchener’s suburbs have grown outward, the once-quiet countryside has become a busy suburb. Photo by David Bebee.

“Urbanization forces farmers to become land speculators, even the ones that don’t want to be,”

By Greg Mercer,
Record staff
Jan 06 2012

Excerpt:

Flourishing cities are good for a lot of things. But when you’re a farmer, growing food in the urban shadow can also be a real pain in the neck.

Waterloo Region is home to about 1,400 farms, and the roughly $400-million sector still employs about 3,500 people directly. But as our population swells past 550,000 residents, some farmers are feeling increasingly out of place on land their families have farmed for decades.

 

And no wonder — Waterloo Region has lost about 32,375 hectares (80,000 acres) of working farmland since the 1920s, according to Statistics Canada.

It hasn’t all gone to urban sprawl, but much of it has. In the 1950s, the region’s built-up urban areas totalled 38 square kilometres. Today, they’ve swollen to over 202 square km, according to a study by the University of Waterloo’s map library.

Many farmers who own land near this region’s urban areas have had experiences similar to Henhoeffer’s. People trespass through their fields and tear up their land joyriding.

Read the complete article here.

The Bottom Line

Something bright and colourful during dull gray February.

Something bright and colourful during dull gray February.

I’ve recently tuned into this podcast by environmental hero David Suzuki, called The Bottom Line, on CBC. According to the website, The Bottom Line “explores the disconnect between our modern values and our relationship with the Earth. It is a celebration of our biological makeup that dictates our most basic human needs – the real bottom line.”

Much of the content is shockingly compelling, and sadly, somewhat apocalyptic, but the depressive news is balanced with extraordinary interviews with planet-warriors like famed marine biologist Sylvia Earle, Polyface farmer Joel Salatin, seed diversity champion Vandana Shiva, and respected ecology professor David Schindler. Their discussions are in-depth and fascinating. I was especially captivated by the discussion with Joel Salatin, whose self-deprecating humor belies a deep connection with the natural processes of the Earth, and a huge commitment to supporting the cycles of giving-back-to-in-order-to-keep-taking-of our natural bounty.

I highly encourage tuning into this series, which is available for free download as a postcast via iTunes. Enjoy!

Finally… warmth!

We finally got ‘er done! Yesterday was attic insulation day!

Green Fiber Insulation

Green Fiber Insulation

Chris did the prep up in the attic a couple weeks ago; installed the baffles along the edges (allows for proper airflow around the roof line, above the insulation) and did some wiring we needed for a light fixture. We had such a hard time finding a good day for it (it needed to be dry outside, and obviously, a day we had off), but yesterday fit the bill so we headed off to Lowe’s on Castlefield Ave in Toronto, where we’d priced the insulation and checked out the machine used to blow it in. BTW, if you live in Toronto and this is a project you are considering, go talk to Eva at Lowe’s. She was a super star!

About half of the bales we used

About half of the bales we used

We found out when we arrived with our trailer in tow that we could just rent their truck for $20 and bring back the machine, a skid+ of insulation to our house, all in one go, instead of the multiple trips it would have taken with our little trailer (and they load it up for you with a forklift, easing some of the heavy-lifting). They give you the truck for 75 minutes, which for us was plenty of time to drive back, drop off the goods and for Chris to return it. Then we just used our trailer to take the machine back after we were all done.

We used Green Fiber, an eco-friendly alternative to fibre glass that is easier to install on your own and quite effective. It uses something like 10x less energy to produce, is composed of 85% recycled paper and is treated with Borax to make it fire resistant. We were aiming for about R50, and Chris guessed we had about R12-13 up there already (you can put this stuff right on top of existing insulation). Oh and they throw in the use of the machine for free when you buy the insulation, after a refundable deposit.

FEED ME SEYMORE!

FEED ME SEYMORE!

Chris got the super fun task of being perpetually crouched in the attic and not being able to see a thing because of blowing paper fibre, to do the actual blowing in of the material. I had the super fun job of hanging out feeding the machine, on the north side of our house in the shade, with a north wind (in other words it was cold). It took some practice but eventually I got the hang of feeding the machine just the right amount at a time, putting the next bale on deck and generally taking care of clogs in the tubing. Of which we had two — one minor, one major, that last one causing mucho frustration as it was getting dark and we had only 6 bales left. The clog turned out to be half way up the pipe and required taking a few things apart. Oh and I blew insulation all over the backyard at one point. Oops!

Feeding the hopper

Feeding the hopper

All in all, it took us under 4 hours to blow in 45 bales of the stuff. We communicated using walkie-talkies, which turned out to be essential because we were quite far away from each other and there was no way to hear one another. Yes, we own walkie-talkies… we use them for camping. Shut up!

The tube carrying the insulation to the attic

The tube carrying the insulation to the attic

Immediately, we’ve noticed a difference in our house. It is quite simply, toasty. Where I used to feel the temperature change if it dropped by a half degree, which it did frequently, now the temperature is stable for most of the day. We have the thermostat set to drop to 14 during the work-day, and today (Thursday) while I was home on my holiday break, the actual temperature only dropped to 19 degrees! Overnight Chris said it stayed around that as well; he got up around 4 a.m. to see where it was at. I think we’ll be seeing a sharp reduction in our gas bill, for sure. And the nature of the warmth of the house is different, too. I can feel warm air around head-height when the radiators are running, which is so different than before. Chris is wondering why he didn’t do this years ago.

Yes, I am wearing two hats. Literally.

Yes, I am wearing two hats. Literally.

BTW, that isn’t frost on my eyelashes, it’s insulation fibre!

Welcome Ecoholic readers!

Thanks to NOW magazine’s Ecoholic, Adria Vasil, and her story this week about canning foods using BPA-free products. At the end of Adria’s article she mentions my Pear Butter recipe. I hope to make some this week actually, if this cold I’ve gotten doesn’t keep me down for too long. I picked up some pears at the last Nathan Phillips Square Farmers’ Market of the season. So sad to see the market end for the year. Enjoy!

The sad truth about our food?

My boss shared this video with me today and I thought it was quite compelling. Yes, it’s a commercial for Hellman’s, but a clever one in that it doesn’t really focus at all on their product. Instead it incites the viewer to consider where Canadian fruits and vegetables come from, offers up startling figures about Canadian fruit and veggie imports and exports, the disappearance of Canadian (especially Ontario) farmland, and the impact of a reduced capacity for food security.  It’s also an inventive marketing campaign as part of Hellman’s “Real Food Movement.” Oh and the treatment is cool too. Enjoy.

Tomato download

Whew… it’s been a heck of a weekend. We got back from our crazy 8+ hr drive from Quebec City on Friday around dinnertime, and then rushed about trying to get the lawn cut and the copious tomato bounty harvested before the rain started. I have to admit that I was a bit disappointed to see that there seemed to be an awful lot of very ripe tomatoes on the vines. I had hoped the folks that were stopping in to visit the cat would have helped me keep up with the crop, as I invited them to, but it doesn’t really look like that happened. I had a full bucket of rotten tomatoes to throw in the composter.

Heirloom tomatoes

Heirloom tomato harvest

But I guess that’s only a fraction of what I did harvest, and what is yet to come, as there are still many many green fruits out there. I won’t have time until later this week to start doing any canning, so I had to find homes for these babies. As it happened I visited the fam today to celebrate my nephew’s first birthday, so I pawned several baskets off on the family, who seemed more than happy to accept.

Heirloom tomatoes

The Romas: Red Striped Roman and Purple Russians

The garden is in a bit of a shambles however, and so I need to find some time to get control over that mess. I definitely need to set up a better trellis system for supporting the tomatoes next year. My bamboo stakes are snapping in half because of the weight of some of the bigger beefsteak varieties, and even if they don’t break, they still fall over.

I also think I’ve now grown enough varieties of heirlooms that I feel I know which ones are my favourites. Stupice are lovely for being the first ones to ripen, and they’re perfectly sized for salads. Money Maker is also a winner for salad tomatoes. They’re perfectly shaped, smooth and juicy, in a way that Stupice is not. Oxheart – meh. They’re meaty and obviously very well known, but I’m not really sold. Black Sea Man are definitely unusual and have a lovely flavour, and are perfect for sandwiches and burgers. But they don’t turn everyone on, because they’re a darker colour, green on top. The Red Striped Romans are fantastic – wonderful flavour and funky colouring, and they’ll be great for salsas and canning. Tigerella are also lovely salad-sized and stripey. Goldie and Hillbilly are yet to ripen.

I think however, I won’t do the Red Currant Cherry tomatoes again. They taste great but they don’t “pick” well. By that I mean they tend to split open when you pick them; the stem tears away instead of letting go easily. That and the vines are just out of control. The single plant I have in the raised bed is incredibly aggressive, and no matter how much I trim it back it just keeps sprouting new shoots, dominating everything around it. So I think for my cherries I’m going to stick to the Sweet 100′s I grew last year, because they were perfect. The Yellow Pear tomatoes are also bad for taking over, and I don’t love their flavour but they make for nice variety in shape and colour. Very pretty for salads, and they’re just fine for salsas and sauces.

I vow (again?) next year I’ll plant fewer tomatoes, better support them, and only plant the varieties that are my favourite. Ha! Yeah right. I can’t help myself.

We have new wheels!

Last night Chris and I finally got to go pick up our new car, a Volkswagen Jetta TDI Wagon, in silver. We’ve only been waiting 2 months for it to come from the factory.

Our new wheels!

Our new Jetta TDI

We’ve been planning to get rid of our very unnecessary two cars for quite some time, and probably would have done it sooner, but for the fact that we needed my car for taking Zeus anywhere (he wouldn’t fit into Chris’s car) and Chris’s car was simply more powerful and pleasurable to drive. Since we said goodbye to Zeus in April, it has been even more ridiculous that we’ve had two cars. Chris’s old car was a 1999 Mercury Cougar and mine was a 2002 Kia Rio 5-door.

We’d been considering a hybrid vs. the Jetta TDI (ultra-clean diesel) for some time, but hands down, the Jetta TDI is an amazing car, getting a fuel economy of 10.7L/100 km (city) and 7L/100 km (highway) with our manual transmission. It has the power we need for driving outside the city (the majority of our usage), which is simply not yet available in a hybrid car. Chris would certainly be the first in line to buy a purely electric car if such a thing were yet readily available in the marketplace, and comparable to the Jetta.

We went for the highline, which comes with all the bells and whistles, including a fantastic sunroof. This is by far the most luxurious car either one of us has ever owned and we are ecstatic. Yes, yes, it is a car, cars are evil, blah blah blah. But before the purists out there raise all hell, please know that as far as cars go, this is possibly the most efficient model out there. It won the 2009 Green Car of the Year Award. And keep in mind, we went from owning two far less fuel efficient cars to one, which is definitely a step in the right direction for reducing our carbon footprint. We rarely drive to work, preferring to stick to public transit. I’ve even recently re-instated my bicycle, which has been sitting derelict in the garage for the last couple of years. I’m now using it to get to the subway station in lieu of the ever-so-frustratingly slow and inconsistent 52 Lawrence TTC bus.

So, while it was kind of sad to say goodbye to my Zeus-mobile, and for Chris to say goodbye to the Coug, we’re both loving the Jetta so far, for the all of about 13 hours we’ve owned it.

Coming soon(?): Backyard Chickens
In other news, I’m also ecstatic to report that the City of Toronto’s Parks & Environment Committee, chaired by Councillor Paula Fletcher, is considering a pilot project to allow residents to keep backyard chickens! I’m throwing my wholehearted support behind this initiative. I will be one of the first to get a couple hens if this goes ahead. The unfortunate thing is that if you read the comments of the CBC story, you can see just how many ignorant people there are in this world, and that this initiative has a lot of resistance attached to it. We have some educating to do folks!

Environmentally friendly weed exterminator

It’s that time of year when unwanted greenery pushes its way up through every available crack in our patio stones, sidewalk and even in between our retaining wall and driveway. It is of course illegal to use most chemical pesticides and herbicides in Toronto now (not that I would use them if they were still allowed), but I’ve found an all natural and very safe herbicide which we can use on the little green opportunists.

The Weeds

Weeds making homes in the patio stones

After buying a commercial brand “natural” weed killer from Home Depot a couple summers ago, and discovering that it smelled an awful lot like vinegar, it got me thinking that there must be a way to make this stuff at home for a fraction of the cost (that product cost something like $9 for approximately a litre, and we were going through it pretty quickly).

Eco-friendly Weed Killer

Homemade natural herbicide

Online I found a recipe. All it uses is vinegar, salt and a bit of dish soap (I use biodegradable soap). The only other ingredients you need are a hot, sunny day and a spray bottle, and it works exactly the same way as the commercial stuff that cost 10x as much!

Eco-friendly Weed Killer

Results

Environmentally friendly weed killer:

  • 1 litre of white vinegar
  • 1/2 cup of table salt
  • squeeze of biodegradable dish soap (this helps the solution stick to the plants)
  1. Mix together the ingredients until all the salt is fully dissolved.
  2. Pour into a good quality spray bottle. You might want to get a pump spray bottle (one that allows you to pump pressure into it) from a garden centre, if you’re doing a lot of spraying — it will save your hands from a lot of squeezing.
  3. Generously spray your weeds on a hot, sunny morning. The sunshine will help do the work of drying out the foliage and killing it.

Tips:
Note that this stuff is not selective. If you spray it accidentally on your lawn, you’ll kill the lawn. Also note that some plants with thicker stems might require a couple treatments to kill them completely. It works best when weeds are small and tender, so pull out bigger weeds and spray small ones before they get big. I find I have to do this a few times each summer to control the little ones that like to creep up through the patio stones. I’ve also read that the salt can contaminate the soil for up to two years, making it harder to grow things you want to grow in it, but I have only ever used this solution on weeds that insist on growing in our patio stones, and since these are exposed to road salt all winter, I think they’ve adapted to the salinity.

Finally, and unfortunately, I’ve found that the salt is not so kind to the inner workings of the sprayer, and while I rinse and clean it thoroughly and pump clean water through it a lot afterward, the metal parts still tend to corrode. So obviously a plastic bottle with no metal parts is best, but probably hard to find.

Yes, carrots do grow in the ground

I know things have been a little slow on the blog updating lately and I do apologize. I do have lots to post about, soon enough, but there are some things going on that have me a bit distracted. A very long post is coming soon…

However, in the spirit of the spring and the near launch of the growing season (don’t let that freak snow out there fool you, or get you down), I thought I’d pass along a book recommendation.

Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life by Barbara Kingsolver

Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life by Barbara Kingsolver

My friend Alice has been raving about this book for months, and she finally finished it and passed it on to me (Alice is fantastic for sharing her favourite books). I have only just cracked into it; I’m literally only past the first few pages, but it already has me sucked in. I think the timing is perfect for me and this book, since I’m about to embark on my own adventure freaking out the neighbours with my little farm plot on the front lawn.

The book is a non-fiction telling of Kingsolver and her family’s deliberate move from what I like to refer to as a “depletist” existence (thanks OCAD Think Tank students, you guys rock!) in Tuscon, Arizona to a farm in Virginia where they resolve to live for a year growing and raising their own food, and should they need to buy food, buying only that which is grown on neighouring farms:

“This is the story of a year in which we made every attempt to feed ourselves animals and vegetables whose provenance we really knew . . . and of how our family was changed by our first year of deliberately eating food produced from the same place where we worked, went to school, loved our neighbors, drank the water, and breathed the air.”

The book’s website also contains many recipes and additional local food resources.

One of the most resounding ideas that Kingsolver has laid out in the beginning of the book is just how separated our society has become from even the remotest of understandings of the life of our food. This idea in and of itself is not new of course, but the examples she gives are mind blowing (a boy exclaiming in disbelief the first time he saw a carrot come out of the ground, that it had touched the dirt, and crying, “but how did it get in there?”). She discusses the idea of how unless you grew up on a farm, you likely have little to no understanding of the importance of rain at the right times of year, in the right amounts, when at what times of year you don’t want it. For me, this is the common sense I grew up with that is now not so common. It makes me sad to think too that my own kids, when and if I have them, will likely grow up lacking this breadth and depth of knowledge that I now take for granted. Even if I make every attempt to pass it along, just by virtue of growing up in an urban environment it just won’t be the same.

As for my own garden adventures, the tomato seedlings are already quite robust and will soon need to be repotted, and the peppers have nearly all poked through. We managed to cut and sand the wood for the raised beds on Saturday, and on Sunday I took advantage of the sunshine and put a coat of stain/sealer on them. Next step is assembly, then a second coat of sealer. Chris has also decided we should spend the extra cash on putting a layer of “foundation wrap” — that dimpled plastic stuff the put outside concrete foundations as a moisture barrier — on the inside of the frame to help prolong the life of the wood by allowing for some air circulation and drainage. While I can be a bit of a purist and don’t like the idea of the plastic, nor the added cost, it probably is a good idea for us to do it. We didn’t invest in cedar, and of course we didn’t use pressure treated lumber, so we might as well try to do as much as we can to protect the investment we did make.

Quickie garden update

Did you hear? The Obamas are going to put a veggie garden on the White House lawn!! Well if they can do it there, who’s to tell me I can’t do it on mine? Posh neighborhood be damned!

I’m just posting a little update that we purchased the lumber to build the raised beds this weekend, and we hope to get around to cutting it up and assembling through the week, and this weekend if the weather cooperates. We had to make a slight change of plans – while I really wanted cedar, and I wanted to avoid pressure treated lumber, we compromised with pine that I’ll have to coat with a sealer. I know, I know, maybe not as eco-friendly as cedar, but its probably easily 5 times cheaper. Cedar was just so prohibitively expensive. We also have upped the bed sizes to 4 x 8 feet (x2) instead of 4 x 6 feet, so I get even more room! I’m starting to wonder if I shouldn’t be putting Chris to work building me a roadside veggie stand as well.

And finally, today I nailed down a good price for bulk soil delivery. In total I talked to four garden centres, and the best price comes from J. Jenkins & Son, located in Gormley, Ontario (check out their handy soil calculator on their website). We can get up to 11 cubic yards in one truck load, and since the trucking is the majority of the cost, we just might take advantage of a big order and use some of the extra soil in the backyard and to ammend the front gardens. I’m certain we’ll have no trouble using it up. So… in a couple more weeks, I should have some installation shots to share!